</source>
==MariaDB Differences between Ubuntu Fixing CHARSET and DebianCOLLATION==https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/differences-in-mariadb-in-debian-and-ubuntu/ If you're collation and character sets are all latin1_swedish, but you want them to be UTF-8, then you can set it in See the configuration file, and restart the database.<source lang="mysql">show GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';show VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';</source><pre># Variable_name, Value'collation_connection', 'utf8_general_ci''collation_database', 'latin1_swedish_ci''collation_server', 'latin1_swedish_ci'</pre> This is the mess that I wound up with somehow:<source lang="mysql">SET @DATABASE_NAME = 'wiki_freephile';SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, COUNT(COLLATION_NAME) AS 'count', COLLATION_NAMEFROM information_schema.columns AS colsWHERE table_schema = @DATABASE_NAMEGROUP BY COLLATION_NAME;</source><pre>wiki_freephile, 0, wiki_freephile, 11, binarywiki_freephile, 73, latin1_binwiki_freephile, 69, latin1_swedish_ciwiki_freephile, 1, utf8_general_ci</pre>So, I fixed the defaults for each database:<source lang="mysql">ALTER DATABASE wiki_freephile CHARACTER SET = 'binary' COLLATE = 'BINARY';ALTER DATABASE wiki_meta CHARACTER SET = 'binary' COLLATE = 'BINARY';ALTER DATABASE wiki_wiki CHARACTER SET = 'binary' COLLATE = 'BINARY';</source> You can check the status of each table too:<source lang="mysql">SET @DATABASE_NAME = 'wiki_freephile';SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, TABLE_COLLATIONFROM information_schema.tablesWHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @DATABASE_NAMEAND TABLE_COLLATION not in ('binary');</source> To set the mysql server to utf8 <ref>https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/setting-character-sets-and-collations/ https://scottlinux.com/2017/03/04/mysql-mariadb-set-character-set-and-collation-to-utf8/</ref>, add the following to <code>/etc/mysql/my.cnf</code> (Debian/Ubuntu) or <code>/etc/my.cnf</code> (Fedora/Centos/RHEL) under the '''<nowiki>article about [[mysqldCollation]]</nowiki>''' section:<pre>character-set-server = utf8collation-server = utf8_general_ciskip-character-set-client-handshake</pre>Then restart mysql/mariadb: *<code>service mariadb restart</code> for Debian/Ubuntu;*<code>/bin/systemctl restart mariadb.service</code> for Fedora/Centos/RHEL
==Working at the Console==
Reading output from the mysql command line client is notoriously ugly/hard. With the <code>-s --silent</code> or <code>-B --batch</code> options, you can get output that is more readable.
==Experts==
Aside from [[mysqldump]], there are also mysqlcheck, mysql_upgrade and other [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/programs-client.html client programs].
#[https://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/ MySQL Workbench ] is a great visual tool, but behind several obstacles and Oracles.#[https://dbeaver.io/ DBeaver]
#[https://github.com/major/MySQLTuner-perl/blob/master/INTERNALS.md MySQLTuner] by the aforementioned Major Hayden (he made a Python version too)
#[https://www.percona.com/software/database-tools/percona-toolkit Percona Toolkit] <code>wget <nowiki>https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.5.7/binary/redhat/8/x86_64/percona-toolkit-3.5.7-1.el8.x86_64.rpm</nowiki></code> <code>dnf install percona-toolkit-3.5.7-1.el8.x86_64.rpm</code> <code>pt-mysql-summary</code>
#http://mysqlsandbox.net/index.html MySQL sandbox could be useful for playing around with multiple databases in development.
#https://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/29060302/Tune-MySQL-to-32GB-RAM.html
#https://www.tecmint.com/mysql-mariadb-performance-tuning-and-optimization/
#https://www.percona.com/blog/2014/01/28/10-mysql-performance-tuning-settings-after-installation/
#https://www.percona.com/blog/2016/10/12/mysql-5-7-performance-tuning-immediately-after-installation/
#https://www.percona.com/blog/2009/11/16/table_cache-negative-scalability/
==MediaWiki==
As of 2024-04-23 MediaWiki only requires MariaDB 10.3.x or MySQL 5.7.x for installation<ref>https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Installation_requirements#Database_server</ref> However, these are out of support. MariaDB is available in versions ranging from [https://mariadb.com/kb/en/changes-and-improvements-in-mariadb-10-4/ 10.4] - 10.11 and 11.0 - 11.5 The latest release in the 10.4 series is 10.4.33, released on 2024-02-07
Practically, this means that even if the database doesn't show errors, it could become vulnerable to attack or corruption at any time. And, tools like MySQLTuner, VSCode, PHPMyAdmin, etc. may not support the old version any longer.
Starting in REL1_35, MediaWiki uses the [https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/dbal.html Doctrine Database Abstraction Layer] (DBAL)
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==Footnotes==