Changes

http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt

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# double space a file sed G

# double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text. sed '/^$/d;G'

# triple space a file sed 'G;G'

# undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank) sed 'n;d'

# insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}'

# insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/G'

# insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex" sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}'

# number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see # note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins. sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/'

# number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned) sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /'

# number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /'

# count lines (emulates "wc -l") sed -n '$='

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. sed 's/.$//' # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF sed 's/^M$//' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M sed 's/\x0D$//' # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/" # command line under ksh sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under bash sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under zsh sed 's/$/\r/' # gsed 3.02.80 or higher

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format. sed "s/$//" # method 1 sed -n p # method 2

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format. # Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The # UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch # which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing # DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS # environment. Use "tr" instead. sed "s/\r//" infile >outfile # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher tr -d \r <infile >outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher

# delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line # aligns all text flush left sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file

# delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file

# delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//'

# insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset) sed 's/^/ /'

# align all text flush right on a 79-column width sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &/;ta' # set at 78 plus 1 space

# center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1, # spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing # spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at # the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and # no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines. sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ & /;ta' # method 1 sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/' # method 2

# substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line sed 's/foo/bar/' # replaces only 1st instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/4' # replaces only 4th instance in a line sed 's/foo/bar/g' # replaces ALL instances in a line sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/' # replace only the last case

# substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g'

# substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz" sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g'

# change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red" sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g' # most seds gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only

# reverse order of lines (emulates "tac") # bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted sed '1!G;h;$!d' # method 1 sed -n '1!G;h;$p' # method 2

# reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev") sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&\2\1/;//D;s/.//'

# join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste") sed '$!N;s/\n/ /'

# if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta'

# if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line # and replace the "=" with a single space sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D'

# add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567" gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta' # GNU sed sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' # other seds

# add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed) gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta'

# add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.) gsed '0~5G' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;G;' # other seds

# print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head") sed 10q

# print first line of file (emulates "head -1") sed q

# print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail") sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba'

# print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2") sed '$!N;$!D'

# print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1") sed '$!d' # method 1 sed -n '$p' # method 2

# print the next-to-the-last line of a file sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print blank line sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print the line sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print nothing

# print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep") sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1 sed '/regexp/!d' # method 2

# print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v") sed -n '/regexp/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/regexp/d' # method 2, simpler syntax

# print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h'

# print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line # containing the regexp sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}'

# print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number # indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1") sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d'

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order) sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d'

# grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep") sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d # most seds gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d' # GNU sed only

# print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs) # HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;'

# print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order) sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d'

# print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' # GNU sed only

# print only lines of 65 characters or longer sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p'

# print only lines of less than 65 characters sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above sed '/^.\{65\}/d' # method 2, simpler syntax

# print section of file from regular expression to end of file sed -n '/regexp/,$p'

# print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive) sed -n '8,12p' # method 1 sed '8,12!d' # method 2

# print line number 52 sed -n '52p' # method 1 sed '52!d' # method 2 sed '52q;d' # method 3, efficient on large files

# beginning at line 3, print every 7th line gsed -n '3~7p' # GNU sed only sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds

# print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive) sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p' # case sensitive

# print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d'

# delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq"). # First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted. sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D'

# delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to # overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed. sed -n 'G; s/\n/&&/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P'

# delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d"). sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D'

# delete the first 10 lines of a file sed '1,10d'

# delete the last line of a file sed '$d'

# delete the last 2 lines of a file sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d'

# delete the last 10 lines of a file sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D' # method 1 sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba' # method 2

# delete every 8th line gsed '0~8d' # GNU sed only sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds

# delete lines matching pattern sed '/pattern/d'

# delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ") sed '/^$/d' # method 1 sed '/./!d' # method 2

# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also # deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s") sed '/./,/^$/!d' # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D' # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF

# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2: sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D'

# delete all leading blank lines at top of file sed '/./,$!d'

# delete all trailing blank lines at end of file sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}' # works on all seds sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba' # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.*

# delete the last line of each paragraph sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}'

# remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo' # command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell. sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g" # double quotes required for Unix environment sed 's/.^H//g' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H sed 's/.\x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed

# get Usenet/e-mail message header sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line

# get Usenet/e-mail message body sed '1,/^$/d' # deletes everything up to first blank line

# get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q'

# get return address header sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q'

# parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself # from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script) sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/>.*//; s/.*[:<] *//'

# add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message) sed 's/^/> /'

# delete leading angle bracket & space from each line (unquote a message) sed 's/^> //'

# remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags) sed -e :a -e 's/<[^>]*>//g;/</N;//ba'

# extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header # info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to # sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered # from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable # Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.) sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode # vers. 1 sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$@" | uudecode # vers. 2

# sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank # lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do. sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g' gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/'

# zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and # setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file # (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps). echo @echo off >zipup.bat dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" >>zipup.bat

cat filename | sed '10q' # uses piped input sed '10q' filename # same effect, avoids a useless "cat" sed '10q' filename > newfile # redirects output to disk

sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d

sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d' # or even sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d'

sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename # standard replace command sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename # executes more quickly sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename # shorthand sed syntax

sed -n '45,50p' filename # print line nos. 45-50 of a file sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename # same, but executes much faster

Al Aab # founder of "seders" list Edgar Allen # various Yiorgos Adamopoulos # various Dale Dougherty # author of "sed & awk" Carlos Duarte # author of "do it with sed" Eric Pement # author of this document Ken Pizzini # author of GNU sed v3.02 S.G. Ravenhall # great de-html script Greg Ubben # many contributions & much help

==================== How Commands Affect Streams ====================

.---------.-----------.-----------------------------------------. | | | Modifications to: | | | Address '---------.---------.---------.-----------' | Command | or Range | Input | Output | Pattern | Hold | | | | Stream | Stream | Space | Buffer | '---------+-----------+---------+---------+---------+-----------' | = | - | - | + | - | - | | a | 1 | - | + | - | - | | b | 2 | - | - | - | - | | c | 2 | - | + | - | - | | d | 2 | + | - | + | - | | D | 2 | + | - | + | - | | g | 2 | - | - | + | - | | G | 2 | - | - | + | - | | h | 2 | - | - | - | + | | H | 2 | - | - | - | + | | i | 1 | - | + | - | - | | l | 1 | - | + | - | - | | n | 2 | + | * | - | - | | N | 2 | + | - | + | - | | p | 2 | - | + | - | - | | P | 2 | - | + | - | - | | q | 1 | - | - | - | - | | r | 1 | - | + | - | - | | s | 2 | - | - | + | - | | t | 2 | - | - | - | - | | w | 2 | - | + | - | - | | x | 2 | - | - | + | + | | y | 2 | - | - | + | - | '---------'-----------'---------'---------'---------'-----------'

Modifications to:

1 Command takes single address or pattern. 2 Command takes pair of addresses. - Command does not modify the buffer. + Command modifies the buffer. * The ``n'' command may or may not generate output depending on the ``-n'' command option.

========================== Command Summary ==========================

======================== Command Extensions =========================

======================= Address Range Summary =======================

============== GNU Sed's Command Line Argument Summary ==============

| -e script | |

=====================================================================