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16,026 bytes added , 12:50, 12 September 2014

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<html>
This document is a vi cheat sheet, designed to be kept
nearby while using the vi editor. In general, vi
commands follow the convention of "one from column A and one from
column B", using the two tables below, Operators and
Operands, as columns A and B.

Numeric arguments may prefix any operator; the command is
repeated the given number of times or until it fails. Numeric
arguments prefixing an operand execute the operand the given
number of times, effectively just moving the cursor. (Some
versions of vi, such as that provided with AIX 5L, don't
respond properly to numeric prefixes in front of some operands
such as the <code>/</code> string search operand.)

<center>
<table align="left">
<tr>
<th align="left">Operators</th>

<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>d</code> operand</td>

<td>delete the operand into the (delete)
buffer</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>p</code></td>

<td>paste the contents of the (delete) buffer after the
cursor</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>y</code> operand</td>

<td>yank the operand into the (delete) buffer</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>i</code> operand</td>

<td>inserts the operand (before current
character)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>a</code> operand</td>

<td>appends the operand (insert after current
character)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>r</code> operand</td>

<td>replaces current character with operand</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>s</code> operand</td>

<td>substitute the operand with typed-in text</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>c</code> operand</td>

<td>change the operand to typed-in text</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>!</code> operand</td>

<td>pass the operand to a (Unix) shell as standard
input; 
standard output replaces the operand.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th align="left">Common Macros</th>

<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>I</code></td>

<td>insert at beginning of line (same as ^i)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>A</code></td>

<td>append at end of line (same as $a)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>D</code></td>

<td>delete to end of line (same as d$)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>C</code></td>

<td>change to end of line (same as c$)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>x</code></td>

<td>delete one character (same as dl)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>ZZ</code></td>

<td>save and exit</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>:w</code> filename</td>

<td>save as filename without exiting</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>:q!</code></td>

<td>quit immediately (without save)</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th align="left">Miscellaneous</th>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>R</code></td>

<td>enter replace (overstrike) mode</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>o</code></td>

<td>open line below current line</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>O</code></td>

<td>open line above current line</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>"</code> n</td>

<td>n is 0-9: delete buffers</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>"</code> x</td>

<td>x is lowercase a-z: replace user buffer</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>"</code> x</td>

<td>x is uppercase A-Z: append to user buffer</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>.</code></td>

<td>perform last change again</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>u</code></td>

<td>undo last change</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>U</code></td>

<td>undo all changes to current line</td>
</tr>
</table>

<table>
<tr>
<th align="left">Operands</th>

<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>h j k l</code></td>

<td>left, down, up, right; one character/line at a
time</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>w b e</code></td>

<td>next word, back word, end of
word</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>W B E</code></td>

<td>(same as above, but ignores punctuation)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>/</code>string</td>

<td>search for string (use ? for reverse
search)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>n</code></td>

<td>search for string again (see
<code>/</code>, above)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>%</code></td>

<td>find matching ( ), { }, or [
]</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>( )</code></td>

<td>beginning of current/previous sentence and beginning of
next sentence</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>{ }</code></td>

<td>beginning of current/previous paragraph (two adjacent
newlines) and beginning of next paragraph (see also set
paragraphs)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>[[ ]]</code></td>

<td>beginning of current/previous section and beginning of
next section (mostly user-defined; see also set
sections)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>line <code>G</code></td>

<td>goto particular line number (defaults to
end-of-file)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>0 ^ $</code></td>

<td>move to column 0, move to first non-whitespace, move to
end of line</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>f</code> x</td>

<td>forward to character x on same line
(inclusive)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>t</code> x</td>

<td>to character x on same line (not
inclusive)</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>;</code></td>

<td>last f or t again in the same
direction</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>,</code></td>

<td>last f or t again in the opposite
direction</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>m</code> x</td>

<td>set mark x at current position</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>'</code> x</td>

<td>move to line containing mark x</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>`</code> x</td>

<td>move to exact position of mark x</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>''</code></td>

<td>move to line of last jump point</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td><code>``</code></td>

<td>move to exact position of last jump point</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center> 

 

Interesting examples of numeric prefixes would be
<code>36i-*<ESC></code>,
<code>8i123456789-<ESC></code>, and
<code>20r_</code>.
<hr>

<h2>Ex (colon-mode) commands</h2>

In the following commands, file may be either a
filename, or a shell command if prefixed with
<code>!</code>. Filenames are globbed by the
shell before <code>vi</code> uses them (shell wildcards
are processed before the filenames are used). Address ranges may
be used immediately after the colon in the commands below.
Example address ranges are:

<table>
<tr>
<th align="left">Range</th>

<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>1,$</code></td>

<td valign="top">From line 1 to the end of the file.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>10,20</code></td>

<td valign="top">From line 10 to line 20, inclusive.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>.,.+10</code></td>

<td valign="top">From the current line to current line + 10
(11 lines total).</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>'a,'d</code></td>

<td valign="top">From the line containing mark a to
the line containing mark d.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>/from/,/to/</code></td>

<td valign="top">From the line containing "from" to the line
containing "to", inclusive.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th colspan="2" align="left">Commands which change the file
being edited.</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:e</code>
filename</td>

<td valign="top">Change from the current file being edited to
filename. "<code>%</code>" means current
file, and "<code>#</code>" means alternate file. 
Use <code>:e #</code> to edit the file most recently
edited during the same session.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:n</code>
[filename(s)]</td>

<td valign="top">
Edits the next file from the command line. With optional
list of filenames, changes command parameters and edits the
first file in the list. Filenames are passed to the shell
for wildcard substitution. Also consider command
substitution: 

<center>
<code>:n `grep -l pattern *.c`</code>
</center>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:args</code></td>

<td valign="top">Lists the files from the command line
(possibly as modified by <code>:n</code>, above).</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:rew</code></td>

<td valign="top">Restarts editing at the first filename from
the command line.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th colspan="2" align="left">Commands which modify the text
buffer or disk file being edited.</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top">
<code>:g/</code>RE<code>/cmd</code></td>

<td valign="top">Globally search for regular expression and
execute <code>cmd</code> for each line containing the
pattern.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top">
<code>:s/</code>RE<code>/string/opt</code></td>

<td valign="top">Search-and-replace; string is the
replacement. Use <code>opt</code> to specify options
c (confirm), g (globally on each line), and
p (print after making change).</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:w</code> file</td>

<td valign="top">Write the contents of the buffer to
file. If file starts with an exclamation
mark, the filename is interpreted as a shell command instead,
and the buffer is piped into the command as stdin.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:r</code> file</td>

<td valign="top">Reads the contents of the file into the
current buffer. If file starts with an exclamation
mark, the filename is interpreted as a shell command instead,
and the stdout of the command is read into the buffer.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th colspan="2" align="left">These commands control the
environment of the vi session.</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:set</code> opt</td>

<td valign="top">Turns on boolean option opt.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:set no</code>opt</td>

<td valign="top">Turns off boolean option opt.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:set</code>
opt=val</td>

<td valign="top">Sets option opt to
val.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:set</code> opt?</td>

<td valign="top">Queries the setting of option
opt.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<th colspan="2" align="left">Miscellaneous commands.</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:abbr</code> string
phrase</td>

<td valign="top">Creates abbreviation string for the
phrase phrase. Abbreviations are replaced
immediately as soon as recognized during text or command
input. Use <code>:unab string</code> to remove an
abbreviation.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td valign="top"><code>:map</code> key
string</td>

<td valign="top">Creates a mapping from key to
string. This is different from an abbreviation in
two ways: abbreviations are recognized as complete units only
(for example, a word with surrounding whitespace) while
mappings are based strictly on keystrokes, and mappings can
apply to function keys by using a pound-sign followed by the
function key number, i.e. #8 would map function key
8. If the terminal doesn't have an <F8> key, the
mapping can be invoked by typing "#8" directly (doesn't work
in the AIX 5L version of vi).</td>
</tr>
</table>

<div>
Here is an example of what my <code>.exrc</code> startup
file in my home directory looks like:

<code>set report=1 shiftwidth=4 tabstop=8
wrapmargin=10 
set ai bf exrc magic nomesg modelines showmode nowrapscan 
map! #1 `x=%; echo ${x\%/*}/ </code>

Some other command settings are <code>ignorecase</code>
(<code>ic</code>), <code>autowrite</code> (<code>aw</code>),
and <code>showmatch</code> (<code>sm</code>).
</div>

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VI Cheetsheet (view source)

Revision as of 12:50, 12 September 2014