Python deployments: Difference between revisions

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Hynek Schlawack
== Check Python ==
Check the version of the default Python interpreter:
<code>python --version</code>
 
List the versions of python available:
<code>ls /usr/bin/python*</code>
 
Use <code>update-alternatives</code> to setup system-wide ability to choose Python interpreter.  The one with the '''higher''' priority number will become the default.<br>
<code>update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1</code><br>
<code>update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.6 2</code>
 
Now we can list the choices:
<code>update-alternatives --list python</code>
 
And choose one:
<code>update-alternatives --config python</code>
 
We can also remove a choice if it's no longer an option on the system:
<code>update-alternatives --remove python /usr/bin/python2.7</code>
 
== Python Virtual Environments ==
See Digital Ocean's quick guide to [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-local-programming-environment-on-ubuntu-16-04 setting up a local Python programming environment], including [https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/ virtual environments], which is what I did for [https://github.com/Miserlou/SoundScrape SoundScrape]  Btw, SoundScrape is a neat tool to download sound files from SoundCloud.
<ref>
<source lang="bash">
cd
mkdir environments
cd environments/
pyvenv my_env
source my_env/bin/activate
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install soundscrape
pip install soundscrape --upgrade
soundscrape https://soundcloud.com/pianoman_weddings/coldplay
</source>
</ref>
 
Hynek Schlawack (from 2013)
* [https://hynek.me/talks/python-deployments/ Notes]
* [https://hynek.me/talks/python-deployments/ Notes]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvbDCzroavY Video]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvbDCzroavY Video]


== Python Packaging ==
== Python Packaging ==
Christoph Haas discusses virtualenv, easy_install, pip, apt/yum
In the old days (2015) there were still debates about how to package Python and install stuff.  Now, it's settled. Use pip.  Easy_install is dead. See the [https://docs.python.org/3/installing/index.html docs]. Also note that <code>venv</code> is the successor to <code>virtualenv</code>
https://workaround.org/easy-install-debian
 
== Basic PIP and Virtual Environments ==
Do NOT (normally) use sudo with pip. Use a virtual environment. As of Python 3.4, the command is now called <code>pyvenv</code> or simply <code>venv</code>.  As of Python 3.6 <code>pyvenv</code> is '''deprecated''' in favor of using <code>python3 -m venv</cod> to help prevent any potential confusion as to which Python interpreter a vritual environment will be based on.
<source lang="bash">
$ python3 -m venv myenv
.. some output ..
$ source myenv/bin/activate
(myenv) $ pip install what-i-want
# done using this python?
deactivate
</source>
You only use sudo or elevated permissions when you want to install stuff for the global, system-wide Python installation.
 
It is best to use a virtual environment which isolates packages for you. That way you can play around without polluting the global python install.
 
As a bonus, virtualenv does not need elevated permissions.
 
* Installing a package is as simple as <code>pip install foo</code>
* Upgrades are <code>pip install --upgrade foo</code>
* <code>pip uninstall foo</code> if you want to remove foo


Stackoverflow says [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3220404/why-use-pip-over-easy-install/  use pip over easy_install], but things have been changing over the past few years, so the future/best practice may require a bit more digging.
{{References}}


[[Category:Python]]
[[Category:Python]]

Revision as of 07:40, 7 October 2020

Check Python

Check the version of the default Python interpreter: python --version

List the versions of python available: ls /usr/bin/python*

Use update-alternatives to setup system-wide ability to choose Python interpreter. The one with the higher priority number will become the default.
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.6 2

Now we can list the choices: update-alternatives --list python

And choose one: update-alternatives --config python

We can also remove a choice if it's no longer an option on the system: update-alternatives --remove python /usr/bin/python2.7

Python Virtual Environments

See Digital Ocean's quick guide to setting up a local Python programming environment, including virtual environments, which is what I did for SoundScrape Btw, SoundScrape is a neat tool to download sound files from SoundCloud. [1]

Hynek Schlawack (from 2013)

Python Packaging

In the old days (2015) there were still debates about how to package Python and install stuff. Now, it's settled. Use pip. Easy_install is dead. See the docs. Also note that venv is the successor to virtualenv

Basic PIP and Virtual Environments

Do NOT (normally) use sudo with pip. Use a virtual environment. As of Python 3.4, the command is now called pyvenv or simply venv. As of Python 3.6 pyvenv is deprecated in favor of using python3 -m venv</cod> to help prevent any potential confusion as to which Python interpreter a vritual environment will be based on.

$ python3 -m venv myenv
.. some output ..
$ source myenv/bin/activate
(myenv) $ pip install what-i-want
# done using this python?
deactivate

You only use sudo or elevated permissions when you want to install stuff for the global, system-wide Python installation.

It is best to use a virtual environment which isolates packages for you. That way you can play around without polluting the global python install.

As a bonus, virtualenv does not need elevated permissions.

  • Installing a package is as simple as pip install foo
  • Upgrades are pip install --upgrade foo
  • pip uninstall foo if you want to remove foo

References

  1. cd
    mkdir environments
    cd environments/
    pyvenv my_env
    source my_env/bin/activate
    pip install --upgrade pip
    pip install soundscrape
    pip install soundscrape --upgrade
    soundscrape https://soundcloud.com/pianoman_weddings/coldplay