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| | == Debian and derivatives == | | == Debian and derivatives == |
| − | Much of why Debian is a strong Linux distribution comes from the core of Debian namely its package management. Everything in Debian - every application, every component _everything_ is built into a package, and then that package is installed onto your system (either by the Installer, or by you). | + | Much of why Debian is a strong Linux distribution comes from the core of Debian namely its package management. Everything in Debian every application, every component is built into a package, and then that package is installed onto your system (either by the Installer, or by you). |
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| − | There are over 29 thousand software packages available for Debian - everything from the Linux kernel to games. | + | There are over 29 thousand software packages available for Debian everything from the Linux kernel to games. |
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| | And Apt is simply awesome! Learn more at https://wiki.debian.org/Apt or https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/package-management.html | | And Apt is simply awesome! Learn more at https://wiki.debian.org/Apt or https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/package-management.html |
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| | You can also use the web interface at http://packages.ubuntu.com/ | | You can also use the web interface at http://packages.ubuntu.com/ |
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| − | === Remove old kernels ===
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| − | Kernels take up a lot of disk space. And once you've got a new one, the old ones really don't serve a purpose. <code>autoremove</code> is supposed to remove old kernels (keeping the currently running kernel plus the prior one or two for backups).
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| − | <source lang="bash">
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| − | sudo apt-get autoremove
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| − | </source>
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| − | But sometimes old kernels are left lying around. Maybe a lot of them. I'm not sure why, because normally you would only be left with 2 or 3 kernels if you run autoremove (perhaps this is because you have old virtualboxes?).
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| − | The post-install script <code>/etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal</code> is responsible for keeping track of what to preserve. And it writes a manifest to <code>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels</code>.
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| − | <source lang="bash">
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| − | # run the post-install script
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| − | sudo /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal
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| − | # see what's reserved
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| − | cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels
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| − | </source>
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| − | Let's use <code>dpkg</code> to see all the kernels that are currently installed. Note: there are other related packages like headers (<code>linux-headers-*</code>), but those are dependencies of the kernel images, and will be removed when we remove the images so we don't need to even look at them.
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| − | <source lang="bash">
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| − | # the last pipe uses a simple extended grep to take the meta package 'linux-image-generic' out of our list
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| − | dpkg -l linux-image* | awk '/^ii/ { print $2 }' | grep -e [0-9]
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| − | # more complete perl-compatible regex to highlight the kernel release number
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| − | dpkg -l linux-image* | awk '/^ii/ { print $2 }' | grep -P '[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9\-]+[0-9]+'
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| − | </source>
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| − | Manually compose an <code>apt-get purge</code> invocation of the kernels you don't want (keep the running kernel and the prior as a fallback).
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| − | <source lang="bash">
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| − | sudo apt-get -y purge linux-image-3.13.0-44-generic linux-image-3.13.0-46-generic linux-image-3.13.0-48-generic linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic
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| − | </source>
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| | == RedHat and derivatives == | | == RedHat and derivatives == |
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| | There is [[Yum]] package manager for RedHat and derivatives. | | There is [[Yum]] package manager for RedHat and derivatives. |
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| − | == See Also ==
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| − | [[Regular Expressions]]
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| | [[Category:System Administration]] | | [[Category:System Administration]] |
