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When your machine turns on or reboots, you want certain things to happen automatically. If the 'machine' is a web server hosting websites defined by [[Apache]] and also a database server running [[MySQL]], then naturally you would want Apache and MySQL to start automatically. In SysV-style systems that still use <code>init</code> and the rc.d run levels, you can use either <code>chkconfig</code><ref>http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/chkconfig8.html</ref> (RedHat and derivatives) or <code>sysv-rc-conf</code> or <code>update-rc.d</code><ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/update-rc.d.8.html</ref>for Debian variants to make that permanent. The old SysV style init has now largely been replaced by <code>systemd</code>, so this article is just to guide you through some of the equivalents across multiple ways of doing init. | When your machine turns on or reboots, you want certain things to happen automatically. If the 'machine' is a web server hosting websites defined by [[Apache]] and also a database server running [[MySQL]], then naturally you would want Apache and MySQL to start automatically. In SysV-style systems that still use <code>init</code> and the rc.d run levels, you can use either <code>chkconfig</code><ref>http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/chkconfig8.html</ref> (RedHat and derivatives) or <code>sysv-rc-conf</code> or <code>update-rc.d</code><ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/update-rc.d.8.html</ref>for Debian variants to make that permanent. The old SysV style init has now largely been replaced by <code>'''systemd'''</code>, so this article is just to guide you through some of the equivalents across multiple ways of doing init. | ||
=== List services === | === List services === | ||
So what are the services controlled by init<ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man5/init.5.html</ref><ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man8/init.8.html</ref> scripts? | So what are the services controlled by init<ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man5/init.5.html</ref><ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man8/init.8.html</ref> scripts? | ||
< | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
# the easy way (if somewhat non-specific) | # the easy way (if somewhat non-specific) | ||
ls -l /etc/rc.d/init.d/ | ls -l /etc/rc.d/init.d/ | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
# for newer systemd controlled systems | # for newer systemd controlled systems | ||
systemctl list-units | systemctl list-units | ||
</ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
Here is an example list of the services you might find on your machine: | Here is an example list of the services you might find on your machine: | ||
# NetworkManager | # NetworkManager | ||
| Line 140: | Line 140: | ||
=== Enable/Disable/Start/Stop/Status a service === | === Enable/Disable/Start/Stop/Status a service === | ||
< | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
# for older systems using System V style init | # for older systems using System V style init | ||
chkconfig apache on|off|start|stop|status | chkconfig apache on|off|start|stop|status | ||
# for newer systemd controlled systems | # for newer systemd controlled systems | ||
systemctl enable|disable|start|stop|status <servicename>.service | systemctl enable|disable|start|stop|status <servicename>.service | ||
</ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
== SystemD targets == | |||
To switch to single-user mode, what used to be called '''runlevel 1''', on a modern Linux running SystemD, you would now use the command: | |||
<code>sudo systemctl isolate rescue.target</code> | |||
courtesy of https://askubuntu.com/questions/788323/how-do-i-change-the-runlevel-on-systemd | |||
== More == | == More == | ||