Sed: Difference between revisions

  http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt

  http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt

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# double space a file

sed G

# double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file

# should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text.

sed '/^$/d;G'

# triple space a file

sed 'G;G'

# undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank)

sed 'n;d'

# insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex"

sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}'

# insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex"

sed '/regex/G'

# insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex"

sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}'

# number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see

# note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins.

sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/'

# number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned)

sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/    /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1  /'

# number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank

sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /'

# count lines (emulates "wc -l")

sed -n '$='

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.

sed 's/.$//'              # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF

sed 's/^M$//'              # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M

sed 's/\x0D$//'            # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher

# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.

sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/"            # command line under ksh

sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/"            # command line under bash

sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/"              # command line under zsh

sed 's/$/\r/'                        # gsed 3.02.80 or higher

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.

sed "s/$//"                          # method 1

sed -n p                            # method 2

# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.

# Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The

# UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch

# which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing

# DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS

# environment. Use "tr" instead.

sed "s/\r//" infile >outfile        # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher

tr -d \r <infile >outfile            # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher

# delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line

# aligns all text flush left

sed 's/^[ \t]*//'                    # see note on '\t' at end of file

# delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line

sed 's/[ \t]*$//'                    # see note on '\t' at end of file

# delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line

sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//'

# insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset)

sed 's/^/    /'

# align all text flush right on a 79-column width

sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &/;ta'  # set at 78 plus 1 space

# center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1,

# spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing

# spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at

# the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and

# no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines.

sed  -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ & /;ta'                    # method 1

sed  -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/'  # method 2

# substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line

sed 's/foo/bar/'            # replaces only 1st instance in a line

sed 's/foo/bar/4'            # replaces only 4th instance in a line

sed 's/foo/bar/g'            # replaces ALL instances in a line

sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case

sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/'            # replace only the last case

# substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"

sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g'

# substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"

sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g'

# change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red"

sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g'  # most seds

gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g'                # GNU sed only

# reverse order of lines (emulates "tac")

# bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted

sed '1!G;h;$!d'              # method 1

sed -n '1!G;h;$p'            # method 2

# reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev")

sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&\2\1/;//D;s/.//'

# join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste")

sed '$!N;s/\n/ /'

# if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it

sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta'

# if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line

# and replace the "=" with a single space

sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D'

# add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567"

gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta'                    # GNU sed

sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta'  # other seds

# add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed)

gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta'

# add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.)

gsed '0~5G'                  # GNU sed only

sed 'n;n;n;n;G;'            # other seds

# print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head")

sed 10q

# print first line of file (emulates "head -1")

sed q

# print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail")

sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba'

# print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2")

sed '$!N;$!D'

# print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1")

sed '$!d'                    # method 1

sed -n '$p'                  # method 2

# print the next-to-the-last line of a file

sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x              # for 1-line files, print blank line

sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x  # for 1-line files, print the line

sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x  # for 1-line files, print nothing

# print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep")

sed -n '/regexp/p'          # method 1

sed '/regexp/!d'            # method 2

# print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v")

sed -n '/regexp/!p'          # method 1, corresponds to above

sed '/regexp/d'              # method 2, simpler syntax

# print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line

# containing the regexp

sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h'

# print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line

# containing the regexp

sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}'

# print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number

# indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1")

sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)

sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d'

# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order)

sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d'

# grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep")

sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d    # most seds

gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d'                        # GNU sed only

# print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs)

# HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below

sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;'

# print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)

sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d'

# print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC

sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d

gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d'        # GNU sed only

# print only lines of 65 characters or longer

sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p'

# print only lines of less than 65 characters

sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p'        # method 1, corresponds to above

sed '/^.\{65\}/d'            # method 2, simpler syntax

# print section of file from regular expression to end of file

sed -n '/regexp/,$p'

# print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive)

sed -n '8,12p'              # method 1

sed '8,12!d'                # method 2

# print line number 52

sed -n '52p'                # method 1

sed '52!d'                  # method 2

sed '52q;d'                  # method 3, efficient on large files

# beginning at line 3, print every 7th line

gsed -n '3~7p'              # GNU sed only

sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds

# print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive)

sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p'            # case sensitive

# print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions

sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d'

# delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq").

# First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted.

sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D'

# delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to

# overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed.

sed -n 'G; s/\n/&&/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P'

# delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d").

sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D'

# delete the first 10 lines of a file

sed '1,10d'

# delete the last line of a file

sed '$d'

# delete the last 2 lines of a file

sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d'

# delete the last 10 lines of a file

sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D'  # method 1

sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba'  # method 2

# delete every 8th line

gsed '0~8d'                          # GNU sed only

sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;'                # other seds

# delete lines matching pattern

sed '/pattern/d'

# delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ")

sed '/^$/d'                          # method 1

sed '/./!d'                          # method 2

# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also

# deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s")

sed '/./,/^$/!d'          # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF

sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D'        # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF

# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2:

sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D'

# delete all leading blank lines at top of file

sed '/./,$!d'

# delete all trailing blank lines at end of file

sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}'  # works on all seds

sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba'        # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.*

# delete the last line of each paragraph

sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}'

# remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo'

# command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell.

sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g"    # double quotes required for Unix environment

sed 's/.^H//g'            # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H

sed 's/.\x08//g'          # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed

# get Usenet/e-mail message header

sed '/^$/q'                # deletes everything after first blank line

# get Usenet/e-mail message body

sed '1,/^$/d'              # deletes everything up to first blank line

# get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion

sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q'

# get return address header

sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q'

# parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself

# from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script)

sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/>.*//; s/.*[:<] *//'

# add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message)

sed 's/^/> /'

# delete leading angle bracket & space from each line (unquote a message)

sed 's/^> //'

# remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags)

sed -e :a -e 's/<[^>]*>//g;/</N;//ba'

# extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header

# info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to

# sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered

# from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable

# Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.)

sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode  # vers. 1

sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$@" | uudecode                    # vers. 2

# sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank

# lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do.

sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g'

gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/'

# zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and

# setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file

# (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps).

echo @echo off >zipup.bat

dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" >>zipup.bat

cat filename | sed '10q'        # uses piped input

sed '10q' filename              # same effect, avoids a useless "cat"

sed '10q' filename > newfile    # redirects output to disk

  sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d

  sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d'      # or even

  sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d'

  sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename        # standard replace command

  sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename  # executes more quickly

  sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename      # shorthand sed syntax

  sed -n '45,50p' filename          # print line nos. 45-50 of a file

  sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename      # same, but executes much faster

Al Aab                  # founder of "seders" list

Edgar Allen              # various

Yiorgos Adamopoulos      # various

Dale Dougherty          # author of "sed & awk"

Carlos Duarte            # author of "do it with sed"

Eric Pement              # author of this document

Ken Pizzini              # author of GNU sed v3.02

S.G. Ravenhall          # great de-html script

Greg Ubben              # many contributions & much help

==================== How Commands Affect Streams ====================

  .---------.-----------.-----------------------------------------.

  |        |          |          Modifications to:            |

  |        |  Address  '---------.---------.---------.-----------'

  | Command | or Range  | Input  | Output  | Pattern |  Hold    |

  |        |          | Stream  | Stream  | Space  |  Buffer  |

  '---------+-----------+---------+---------+---------+-----------'

  |    =    |    -    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    a    |    1    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    b    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    -    |    -    |

  |    c    |    2    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    d    |    2    |    +    |    -    |    +    |    -    |

  |    D    |    2    |    +    |    -    |    +    |    -    |

  |    g    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    +    |    -    |

  |    G    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    +    |    -    |

  |    h    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    -    |    +    |

  |    H    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    -    |    +    |

  |    i    |    1    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    l    |    1    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    n    |    2    |    +    |    *    |    -    |    -    |

  |    N    |    2    |    +    |    -    |    +    |    -    |

  |    p    |    2    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    P    |    2    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    q    |    1    |    -    |    -    |    -    |    -    |

  |    r    |    1    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    s    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    +    |    -    |

  |    t    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    -    |    -    |

  |    w    |    2    |    -    |    +    |    -    |    -    |

  |    x    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    +    |    +    |

  |    y    |    2    |    -    |    -    |    +    |    -    |

  '---------'-----------'---------'---------'---------'-----------'

    Modifications to:

    1    Command takes single address or pattern.

    2    Command takes pair of addresses.

    -    Command does not modify the buffer.

    +    Command modifies the buffer.

    *    The ``n'' command may or may not generate output depending

        on the ``-n'' command option.

========================== Command Summary ==========================

======================== Command Extensions =========================

======================= Address Range Summary =======================

============== GNU Sed's Command Line Argument Summary ==============

| -e script          |                                              |

=====================================================================