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Latest revision as of 05:47, 3 July 2025

When your machine turns on or reboots, you want certain things to happen automatically. If the 'machine' is a web server hosting websites defined by Apache and also a database server running MySQL, then naturally you would want Apache and MySQL to start automatically. In SysV-style systems that still use init and the rc.d run levels, you can use either chkconfig^[1] (RedHat and derivatives) or sysv-rc-conf or update-rc.d^[2]for Debian variants to make that permanent. The old SysV style init has now largely been replaced by systemd, so this article is just to guide you through some of the equivalents across multiple ways of doing init.

List services

So what are the services controlled by init^[3]^[4] scripts?

# the easy way (if somewhat non-specific)
ls -l /etc/rc.d/init.d/
# On Ubuntu 14.04 you'll have the 'service' command
# service --status-all runs all init scripts, in alphabetical order, with the status command. This option only calls status for sysvinit jobs
service --status-all
# upstart jobs can be queried in a similar manner with initctl list
initctl list
# on older Ubuntu like 14.04, you probably also have update-rc.d, but that doesn't have a 'list' command
# You could 'manually' search all the init scripts for the right runlevel
grep -i 'runlevel' /etc/init/*| awk '!/#/ && /start on/ && /2/ {gsub("/"," "); print $0  }' | cut -d ' ' -f4-
# or 
grep -i 'runlevel' /etc/init/* | awk '/start on/ && /2/ {gsub("/"," "); gsub(":", " ");gsub(".conf"," "); print $3  }'
# the RedHat way (using chkconfig)
chkconfig --list
# for newer systemd controlled systems
systemctl list-units

Here is an example list of the services you might find on your machine:

NetworkManager
acpid
anacron
atd
auditd
autofs
avahi-daemon
avahi-dnsconfd
bluetooth
capi
clvmd
cman
cmirror
conman
cpuspeed
crashplan
crond
cups
dc_client
dc_server
dnsmasq
dund
ebtables
firstboot
gfs
gfs2
gpm
haldaemon
hidd
hplip
httpd
ip6tables
ipmi
iptables
irda
irqbalance
iscsi
iscsid
isdn
kdump
kudzu
libvirt-guests
libvirtd
lm_sensors
luci
lvm2-monitor
mcstrans
mdmonitor
mdmpd
messagebus
modclusterd
multipathd
mysql51-mysqld
mysql55-mysqld
mysqld
nagios
netconsole
netfs
netplugd
network
networker
nfs
nfslock
nginx
nrpe
nscd
ntop
ntpd
nxserver
oddjobd
openais
openwsmand
pand
pcscd
piranha-gui
portmap
postfix
postgresql
psacct
pulse
qdiskd
rawdevices
rdisc
readahead_early
readahead_later
restorecond
rgmanager
rhnsd
rhsmcertd
ricci
rpcgssd
rpcidmapd
rpcsvcgssd
rsyslog
saslauthd
sblim-sfcb
scsi_reserve
setroubleshoot
slinksc
smartd
snmpd
snmptrapd
squid
sshd
svnserve
syslog
tomcat5
tux
vncserver
wdaemon
winbind
wpa_supplicant
xfs
xinetd
ypbind
yum-updatesd

Enable/Disable/Start/Stop/Status a service

# for older systems using System V style init
chkconfig apache on|off|start|stop|status
# for newer systemd controlled systems
systemctl enable|disable|start|stop|status <servicename>.service

SystemD targets

To switch to single-user mode, what used to be called runlevel 1, on a modern Linux running SystemD, you would now use the command:

sudo systemctl isolate rescue.target

courtesy of https://askubuntu.com/questions/788323/how-do-i-change-the-runlevel-on-systemd

More

SysVinit to Systemd Cheatsheet

References

[1] ttp://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/chkconfig8.html

[2] ttp://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/update-rc.d.8.html

[3] ttp://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man5/init.5.html

[4] ttp://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man8/init.8.html

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-When your machine turns on or reboots, you want certain things to happen automatically.  If the 'machine' is a web server hosting websites defined by [[Apache]] and also a database server running [[MySQL]], then naturally you would want Apache and MySQL to start automatically.  In SysV-style systems that still use <code>init</code> and the rc.d run levels, you can use either <code>chkconfig</code><ref>http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/chkconfig8.html</ref> (RedHat and derivatives) or <code>sysv-rc-conf</code> or <code>update-rc.d</code><ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/update-rc.d.8.html</ref>for Debian variants to make that permanent.  The old SysV style init has now largely been replaced by <code>systemd</code>, so this article is just to guide you through some of the equivalents across multiple ways of doing init.
+When your machine turns on or reboots, you want certain things to happen automatically.  If the 'machine' is a web server hosting websites defined by [[Apache]] and also a database server running [[MySQL]], then naturally you would want Apache and MySQL to start automatically.  In SysV-style systems that still use <code>init</code> and the rc.d run levels, you can use either <code>chkconfig</code><ref>http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/chkconfig8.html</ref> (RedHat and derivatives) or <code>sysv-rc-conf</code> or <code>update-rc.d</code><ref>http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/update-rc.d.8.html</ref>for Debian variants to make that permanent.  The old SysV style init has now largely been replaced by <code>'''systemd'''</code>, so this article is just to guide you through some of the equivalents across multiple ways of doing init.
 === List services ===
@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 systemctl enable|disable|start|stop|status <servicename>.service
 </syntaxhighlight>
+== SystemD targets ==
+To switch to single-user mode, what used to be called '''runlevel 1''', on a modern Linux running SystemD, you would now use the command:
+<code>sudo systemctl isolate rescue.target</code>
+courtesy of https://askubuntu.com/questions/788323/how-do-i-change-the-runlevel-on-systemd
 == More ==