Difference between revisions of "Terminology"

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ABBR
Abbreviation
AJAX 
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML = A means to exchange data with a server without loading a whole new page.
API 
Application Programming Interface
APP 
short for Software Application.
APT 
Advanced Package Tool. Created by the Debian project.
ASP 
Application Service Provider
Application Server Pages - an old technology by Microsoft
ATM 
Automated Teller Machine (please don't call it an 'ATM Machine', that's redundant)
BLU 
Boston Linux & Unix = a Linux User Group in Boston, MA, USA with roots that go back into the days of Unix before Linux was a thing
BMW 
Bavarian Motor Works = German car company
CIDR 
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
coax
coaxial cable
CNCF
Cloud Native Computing Foundation https://www.cncf.io/ - a sub-foundation of the Linux Foundation.
COCOMO
Constructive Cost Model is a procedural software cost estimation model developed in the early 80's and then updated around the year 2000.
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets = A technology that deals with the presentation of content on the web
DAST
Dynamic Application Security Testing can find security vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a running application, typically web apps. It does that by employing fault injection techniques on an app, such as feeding malicious data to the software, to identify common security vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection and cross-­site scripting (XSS). DAST can also cast a spotlight on runtime problems that can’t be identified by static analysis­­ for example, authentication and server configuration issues, as well as flaws visible only when a known user logs in.
DKIM
DomainKeys Identified Mail = An IETF specification that combats SPAM on the Internet
DNS
Domain Name System. An Named Host to IP Address lookup system
DPL
Dynamic Page Lists = Like a Cuisinart food processor, it allows you to slice and dice the contents of your wiki.
DRM
Digital Restrictions Management = Electronic methods to control what you can and can't do.
EFF
Electronic Frontier Foundation https://eff.org
FHIR
Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources is a standard for exchanging Healthcare data.
FOSS
Free Open Source Software. An attempt to communicate the 'freedom' aspect of free software de-emphasizing the price connotation of 'free'.
FLOSS
Free / Libre Open Source Software = Another attempt to de-emphasize the price connotation of 'free' and instead recognize that free means liberty.
FSF
Free Software Foundation. fsf.org
FUBAR
F*cked Up Beyond All Recognition
FUSE
Filesystem in User Space
GAFYD
Google Apps For Your Domain (now called Google Workspace)
GDPR
The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679, abbreviated GDPR) is a European Union regulation on Information privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also governs the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA. The GDPR's goals are to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal information and to simplify the regulations for international business. It supersedes the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC and, among other things, simplifies the terminology.
GitOps
GitOps is a DevOps practice that uses Git repositories to manage infrastructure and application code deployments. It's an evolution of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) that uses Git pull requests to verify and automatically deploy system infrastructure modifications. GitOps can help organizations: Improve efficiency and security, Improve the developer experience, Reduce costs, Speed up deployments, and Maintain consistency across all infrastructure.
GNHLUG
Greater New Hampshire Linux User Groups = an association of User Groups in and around the state of New Hampshire, USA of people interested in Linux technology and/or those who created it in the first place; and continue to this day.
GNU
Gnu's Not Unix, because Unix is proprietary software while Gnu is software that respects your freedom.
GPL
General Public License = A sane copyright license
HHVM
HipHop Virtual Machine = a PHP interpreter created at Facebook as an alternative to the Zend Engine interpreter. http://hhvm.com/
HIPAA
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act is a 1996 federal statute that created standards for protecting patient health information. All healthcare organizations must follow cybersecurity practices and run risk assessments to comply with HIPAA.
HTML
HyperText Markup Language = structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text.
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol = the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. See HTML
HTTPS
HTTP Secure = HTTP using SSL or the newer TLS
IANAL
I Am Not A Lawyer (but I'll play one on the Internet ;-)) Because this acronym can be interpreted as crude, Heather Meeker suggests an alternative 'disclaimer' in online discussions: "If this were legal advice, it would have come with an invoice."
IAST
Interactive Application Security Testing. A technique employing an agent inside a running application capable of testing all libraries, frameworks, API endpoints and protocols for security vulnerabilities.
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force = organization to make the Internet work better
IP
Internet Protocol. An IP Address is a host or device name in numeric form.
IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6
Internet Protocal version 6
IPR
Intellectual Property Rights = A crazy idea that nonetheless is pervasive in the global legal system. See Also: GPL
IRL
In Real Life = A TLA used when 'virtual' was a thing. Now the virtual has permeated 'meat space' and so the two are not so distinct.
ISBN
International Standard Book Number = 10-digit or 13-digit codes used by the publishing industry to uniquely identify individual book titles and editions. Some 10-digit ISBNs may end with an "X" instead of a digit.
ISO 27001
ISO/IEC 27001 is an international standard to manage information security. The standard was originally published jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2005, revised in 2013, and again most recently in 2022. There are also numerous recognized national variants of the standard. It details requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS) – the aim of which is to help organizations make the information assets they hold more secure. Organizations that meet the standard's requirements can choose to be certified by an accredited certification body following successful completion of an audit. The effectiveness of the ISO/IEC 27001 certification process and the overall standard has been addressed in a large-scale study conducted in 2020.
JS
JavaScript = A computer language.
JSON
JavaScript Object Notation = A data representation format in JavaScript
KIO
KDE Input/Output slaves
Kompose
kompose is a tool to help users who are familiar with docker-compose move to Kubernetes. kompose takes a Compose Specification file and translates it into Kubernetes resources.
Kubectl
(Kyoob' cuddle) a command line tool for communicating with a Kubernetes cluster's control plane, using the Kubernetes API.
Kustomize
Kubernetes native configuration management built into kubectl as apply -k.
LUG
Linux User Group = a general term whereas a specific LUG will often have a geographic focus
LXC
is a userspace interface for the Linux kernel containment features. Through a powerful API and simple tools, it lets Linux users easily create and manage system or application containers.
LXD
is a next generation system container manager. It offers a user experience similar to virtual machines but using Linux containers instead.
MOTD
Message Of The Day = MOTD
NIST
(the US) National Institute of Standards and Technology
NIST Cybersecurity Framework
NIST Cybersecurity Framework is a set of guidelines for mitigating organizational cybersecurity risks, published by NIST based on existing standards, guidelines, and practices. The framework "provides a high level taxonomy of cybersecurity outcomes and a methodology to assess and manage those outcomes", in addition to guidance on the protection of privacy and civil liberties in a cybersecurity context. It has been translated to many languages, and is used by several governments and a wide range of businesses and organizations.
node
nodes
A worker machine in a Kubernetes cluster.
NPM
Node Packaged Modules = a package manager for the Nodejs system
NSFW
Not Safe For Work
OASIS
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards = a global standards organization
OOP
Object Oriented Programming = hard to define. See OOP.
OOUI
Object Oriented User Interface mw:OOUI
ORM
Object Relational Mapping = a database approach
PCI DSS
The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard was created in 2006 to ensure that all companies that accept, process, store, or transmit credit card information operate securely. The framework is primarily intended to keep cardholder information safe. All companies handling this information must comply with PCI DSS, regardless of size. The framework is administered and enforced by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council.
PDCA
Plan Do Check Act - PDCA is called the Deming Cycle or Deming Wheel
PDCA-Multi-Loop.png
https://deming.org/explore/pdsa/ https://www.lean.org/lexicon-terms/pdca/
PDF
Portable Document Format = a widely used standard for representing documents electronically and print. PDF
PEAR
PHP Extension and Application Repository = a collection of code started in 1999 to enhance the utility of PHP.
PHAR
PHP Archive = a distribution format. See https://secure.php.net/manual/en/intro.phar.php
Phishing
attempt to acquire sensitive information such as passwords or credit card details by masquerading as a trusted party.
PHP
PHP is the HyperText Preprocessor = the most popular programming language for the web
Pod
Pods
A Pod (as in a pod of whales or pea pod) is a group of one or more containers , with shared storage/network resources, and a specification for how to run the containers. https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service is an acronym to describe the traditional telephone network served by copper wires strung on poles. (nb. There is a lot more infrastructure to POTS than just the poles and wires.)
POTD
Picture Of The Day
POTY
Picture Of The Year
PRURL
PRURLs
Protocol Relative URL. Starts with '//' instead of 'HTTP(S)://'
PSR-1
PHP Standard Recommendation 1
PSR-2
PHP Standard Recommendation 2
RASP
Run-time Application Security Protection is similar to IAST, but rather than testing for vulnerabilities it acts like a watchdog that responds to live threats (e.g. terminating an attacker's session and alerting).
Regex
Regular Expression = a search and replace syntax that allows for powerful pattern matching
RSS
Really Simple Syndication = a syntax for sharing data across the web.
SAST
Static Application Security Testing is to find security vulnerabilities in the application source code earlier in the software development life cycle. Because SAST can be automated in DevOps, it becomes part of SecDevOps
SCM
Software Configuration Management
SemVer
Semantic Versioning
Given a version number MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, increment the:
MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes
MINOR version when you add functionality in a backward compatible manner
PATCH version when you make backward compatible bug fixes
Additional labels for pre-release and build metadata are available as extensions to the MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH format.
SEO
Search Engine Optimization
SIP
Session Initiation Protocol is a protocol used in VoIP communications allowing users to make voice and video calls, mostly for free. A SIP client is a program that you install on your computer or mobile device.
SOC 2
Systems and Organization Controls (SOC) 2 is a set of compliance criteria developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).
SPAM
unsolicited bulk email
SPF
Sender Policy Framework
SME
Subject Matter Expert
SMW
Semantic MediaWiki = See Metadata
SRE
Site Reliability Engineer
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer = secure (encrypted) underpinning for HTTP
TLA
Three-Letter Acronym
TLS
Transport Layer Security
UOP
User Operation Prohibition = things you're not allowed to do with a DVD, like skip the FBI warning w:User operation prohibition
UPO
User Preference Option = things that you can set in your "preferences". Special:Preferences
URL
URLs
Uniform Resource Locator = an address of a web page or other component, including the protocol.
VCS 
Version Control System
VE
Visual Editor
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol, or commonly "Voice over IP", is the Internet alternative to POTS.
WMF
WikiMedia Foundation = the organization which runs various projects including Wikipedia.org
WOFF
Web Open Font Format
WWW
World Wide Web = the part of the Internet where websites and documents can be found via HTTP or HTTPS.
XML
Extensible Markup Language = a system for markup such that you can create your own 'schema' of terms rather than a specific markup language.

Abbreviation

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML = A means to exchange data with a server without loading a whole new page.

Extensible Markup Language = a system for markup such that you can create your own 'schema' of terms rather than a specific markup language.

Application Programming Interface

short for Software Application.

Advanced Package Tool. Created by the Debian project.

Application Service Provider

Application Server Pages - an old technology by Microsoft

Automated Teller Machine (please don't call it an 'ATM Machine', that's redundant)

Boston Linux & Unix = a Linux User Group in Boston, MA, USA with roots that go back into the days of Unix before Linux was a thing

Bavarian Motor Works = German car company

coaxial cable

Cloud Native Computing Foundation https://www.cncf.io/ - a sub-foundation of the Linux Foundation.

Constructive Cost Model is a procedural software cost estimation model developed in the early 80's and then updated around the year 2000.

Cascading Style Sheets = A technology that deals with the presentation of content on the web

Dynamic Application Security Testing can find security vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a running application, typically web apps. It does that by employing fault injection techniques on an app, such as feeding malicious data to the software, to identify common security vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection and cross-­site scripting (XSS). DAST can also cast a spotlight on runtime problems that can’t be identified by static analysis­­ for example, authentication and server configuration issues, as well as flaws visible only when a known user logs in.

DomainKeys Identified Mail = An IETF specification that combats SPAM on the Internet

Internet Engineering Task Force = organization to make the Internet work better

unsolicited bulk email

Domain Name System. An Named Host to IP Address lookup system

Internet Protocol. An IP Address is a host or device name in numeric form.

Dynamic Page Lists = Like a Cuisinart food processor, it allows you to slice and dice the contents of your wiki.

Digital Restrictions Management = Electronic methods to control what you can and can't do.

Electronic Frontier Foundation https://eff.org

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources is a standard for exchanging Healthcare data.

Free Open Source Software. An attempt to communicate the 'freedom' aspect of free software de-emphasizing the price connotation of 'free'.

Free / Libre Open Source Software = Another attempt to de-emphasize the price connotation of 'free' and instead recognize that free means liberty.

Free Software Foundation. fsf.org

F*cked Up Beyond All Recognition

Filesystem in User Space

Google Apps For Your Domain (now called Google Workspace)

The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679, abbreviated GDPR) is a European Union regulation on Information privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It also governs the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA. The GDPR's goals are to enhance individuals' control and rights over their personal information and to simplify the regulations for international business. It supersedes the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC and, among other things, simplifies the terminology.

GitOps is a DevOps practice that uses Git repositories to manage infrastructure and application code deployments. It's an evolution of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) that uses Git pull requests to verify and automatically deploy system infrastructure modifications. GitOps can help organizations: Improve efficiency and security, Improve the developer experience, Reduce costs, Speed up deployments, and Maintain consistency across all infrastructure.

Greater New Hampshire Linux User Groups = an association of User Groups in and around the state of New Hampshire, USA of people interested in Linux technology and/or those who created it in the first place; and continue to this day.

Gnu's Not Unix, because Unix is proprietary software while Gnu is software that respects your freedom.

General Public License = A sane copyright license

HipHop Virtual Machine = a PHP interpreter created at Facebook as an alternative to the Zend Engine interpreter. http://hhvm.com/

PHP is the HyperText Preprocessor = the most popular programming language for the web

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act is a 1996 federal statute that created standards for protecting patient health information. All healthcare organizations must follow cybersecurity practices and run risk assessments to comply with HIPAA.

HyperText Markup Language = structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text.

A worker machine in a Kubernetes cluster.

HyperText Transfer Protocol = the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. See HTML

HTTP Secure = HTTP using SSL or the newer TLS

Secure Sockets Layer = secure (encrypted) underpinning for HTTP

Transport Layer Security

I Am Not A Lawyer (but I'll play one on the Internet ;-)) Because this acronym can be interpreted as crude, Heather Meeker suggests an alternative 'disclaimer' in online discussions: "If this were legal advice, it would have come with an invoice."

Interactive Application Security Testing. A technique employing an agent inside a running application capable of testing all libraries, frameworks, API endpoints and protocols for security vulnerabilities.

Internet Protocol version 4

Internet Protocal version 6

Intellectual Property Rights = A crazy idea that nonetheless is pervasive in the global legal system. See Also: GPL

In Real Life = A TLA used when 'virtual' was a thing. Now the virtual has permeated 'meat space' and so the two are not so distinct.

Three-Letter Acronym

International Standard Book Number = 10-digit or 13-digit codes used by the publishing industry to uniquely identify individual book titles and editions. Some 10-digit ISBNs may end with an "X" instead of a digit.

ISO/IEC 27001 is an international standard to manage information security. The standard was originally published jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2005, revised in 2013, and again most recently in 2022. There are also numerous recognized national variants of the standard. It details requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS) – the aim of which is to help organizations make the information assets they hold more secure. Organizations that meet the standard's requirements can choose to be certified by an accredited certification body following successful completion of an audit. The effectiveness of the ISO/IEC 27001 certification process and the overall standard has been addressed in a large-scale study conducted in 2020.

JavaScript = A computer language.

JavaScript Object Notation = A data representation format in JavaScript

KDE Input/Output slaves

kompose is a tool to help users who are familiar with docker-compose move to Kubernetes. kompose takes a Compose Specification file and translates it into Kubernetes resources.

(Kyoob' cuddle) a command line tool for communicating with a Kubernetes cluster's control plane, using the Kubernetes API.

Kubernetes native configuration management built into kubectl as apply -k.

Linux User Group = a general term whereas a specific LUG will often have a geographic focus

is a userspace interface for the Linux kernel containment features. Through a powerful API and simple tools, it lets Linux users easily create and manage system or application containers.

is a next generation system container manager. It offers a user experience similar to virtual machines but using Linux containers instead.

Message Of The Day = MOTD

(the US) National Institute of Standards and Technology

NIST Cybersecurity Framework is a set of guidelines for mitigating organizational cybersecurity risks, published by NIST based on existing standards, guidelines, and practices. The framework "provides a high level taxonomy of cybersecurity outcomes and a methodology to assess and manage those outcomes", in addition to guidance on the protection of privacy and civil liberties in a cybersecurity context. It has been translated to many languages, and is used by several governments and a wide range of businesses and organizations.

Node Packaged Modules = a package manager for the Nodejs system

Not Safe For Work

Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards = a global standards organization

Object Oriented Programming = hard to define. See OOP.

Object Oriented User Interface mw:OOUI

Object Relational Mapping = a database approach

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard was created in 2006 to ensure that all companies that accept, process, store, or transmit credit card information operate securely. The framework is primarily intended to keep cardholder information safe. All companies handling this information must comply with PCI DSS, regardless of size. The framework is administered and enforced by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council.

Plan Do Check Act - PDCA is called the Deming Cycle or Deming Wheel
PDCA-Multi-Loop.png
https://deming.org/explore/pdsa/ https://www.lean.org/lexicon-terms/pdca/

Portable Document Format = a widely used standard for representing documents electronically and print. PDF

PHP Extension and Application Repository = a collection of code started in 1999 to enhance the utility of PHP.

PHP Archive = a distribution format. See https://secure.php.net/manual/en/intro.phar.php

attempt to acquire sensitive information such as passwords or credit card details by masquerading as a trusted party.

A Pod (as in a pod of whales or pea pod) is a group of one or more containers , with shared storage/network resources, and a specification for how to run the containers. https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/

A Pod (as in a pod of whales or pea pod) is a group of one or more containers , with shared storage/network resources, and a specification for how to run the containers. https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/

Plain Old Telephone Service is an acronym to describe the traditional telephone network served by copper wires strung on poles. (nb. There is a lot more infrastructure to POTS than just the poles and wires.)

Picture Of The Day

Picture Of The Year

Protocol Relative URL. Starts with '//' instead of 'HTTP(S)://'

Protocol Relative URL. Starts with '//' instead of 'HTTP(S)://'

Uniform Resource Locator = an address of a web page or other component, including the protocol.

PHP Standard Recommendation 1

PHP Standard Recommendation 2

Run-time Application Security Protection is similar to IAST, but rather than testing for vulnerabilities it acts like a watchdog that responds to live threats (e.g. terminating an attacker's session and alerting).

Regular Expression = a search and replace syntax that allows for powerful pattern matching

Really Simple Syndication = a syntax for sharing data across the web.

Static Application Security Testing is to find security vulnerabilities in the application source code earlier in the software development life cycle. Because SAST can be automated in DevOps, it becomes part of SecDevOps

Software Configuration Management

Semantic Versioning

Given a version number MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, increment the:

MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes

MINOR version when you add functionality in a backward compatible manner

PATCH version when you make backward compatible bug fixes

Additional labels for pre-release and build metadata are available as extensions to the MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH format.

Search Engine Optimization

Session Initiation Protocol is a protocol used in VoIP communications allowing users to make voice and video calls, mostly for free. A SIP client is a program that you install on your computer or mobile device.

Voice over Internet Protocol, or commonly "Voice over IP", is the Internet alternative to POTS.

Systems and Organization Controls (SOC) 2 is a set of compliance criteria developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).

Sender Policy Framework

Subject Matter Expert

Semantic MediaWiki = See Metadata

Site Reliability Engineer

User Operation Prohibition = things you're not allowed to do with a DVD, like skip the FBI warning w:User operation prohibition

User Preference Option = things that you can set in your "preferences". Special:Preferences

Uniform Resource Locator = an address of a web page or other component, including the protocol.

Version Control System

Visual Editor

WikiMedia Foundation = the organization which runs various projects including Wikipedia.org

Web Open Font Format

World Wide Web = the part of the Internet where websites and documents can be found via HTTP or HTTPS.

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